This learn node is centered in the 2008 discovery at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of how the dolphin kicks with huge power — something that has been a mystery called Gray’s Paradox. Six nodes emerge from the open internet in this animation, providing connected places to learn about dolphins and their power kick.
Remote sensing imagery and study materials abound on the internet. An excellent cluster of information can be found at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program which “is a multi-laboratory, interagency program, and is a key contributor to national and international research efforts related to global climate change. A primary objective of the program is improved scientific understanding of the fundamental physics related to interactions between clouds and radiative feedback processes in the atmosphere. ARM focuses on obtaining continuous field measurements and providing data products that promote the advancement of climate models.”
To learn scientific and technical background for the field MIT offers open couseware on Atmospheric Radiation that is “an introduction to the physics of atmospheric radiation and remote sensing including use of computer codes. Subjects covered include: radiative transfer equation including emission and scattering, spectroscopy, Mie theory, and numerical solutions. We examine the solution of inverse problems in remote sensing of atmospheric temperature and composition.”
A class video lecture is provided of Ramamurti Shankar, the John Randolph Huffman Professor of Physics and Professor of Applied Physics at Yale. From from a course in the Fundamentals of Physics, the lecture on Kepler’s Laws covers these ideas: “The focus of the lecture is problems of gravitational interaction. The three laws of Kepler are stated and explained. Planetary motion is discussed in general, and how this motion applies to the planets moving around the Sun in particular.”
This learn node points to the page here at MIT Open Courseware for digital tools like the one illustrated above called Curves in Two Dimensions. There are more than two dozen tools for topics ranging such as precalculus, algebra and vectors, curves, surfaces and differential equations. In the MIT course with tools like the one shown are chapter outlines like this one called Curves about, as the Introduction explains:
“The tools of calculus developed so far allow us to describe most of the important properties of a smooth curve: which are its direction at any point, and how much it deviates from straightness there. This is measured by its curvature. How its path differs from planarity is measured by its torsion, also easily calculated.”
This learn node looks first in the new issue of the math and arithmetic online magazine plus where this month an article titled What is the area of a circle? uses cake slices to illustrate some principles of the geometry of a circle. The author of the circle studies is Tom Ko�ner, a lecturer in the Department of Pure Mathematical Statistics at Cambridge University. The magazine brings math explanations from terrific teachers to online visitors. The circle at the right was the work of a student in an MIT class on Geometric Combinatorics. The right circle and formulas to explain it are on page 7 of the PDF called “Bounds of Crossing Numbers.”
Two stand-bys of open learning for math show up at the top of a Google search for “geometry circles.’” One is the colorful Cool Math that been nurtured for a decade, with some advertising support. The other is a Geometry Circles from Math for Morons Like Us, created by the ThinkQuest team in 1998. For more circle investigations, go to University of Birmingham Lecturer Chris Sangwin’s geoGebra page.
This learn node features a video called “The Arch Never Sleeps” in which professors explain the mechanics of the support arches provide for structures. One professor points out the limitations of laying a block of stone across two others. The professor whose foot is shown as he stands on an arch (that is not glued together) is demonstrating the strength of stone arches. The video is on a page from the Open University Mathematics and Statistics modeling problems open courseware.
If the concepts of arches and mechanical forces get curiosity strongly aroused, a popular online set of notes for the mathematics of mechanics can be found at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Included are algebra, geometry, trigonometry, analytical geometry, calculus and vectors � as each of them relates to mechanics. Or for more concrete contemplations of arches mathematics and more, there is a page titled Geometry of Bridge Construction by a Jesuit teacher of math. That site includes a quick explanation of the famed seven Bridges of Konigsberg problem and Euler’s solution that provides a key basis for understanding how the connectivity of the Internet makes it possible for learn nodes to form the webs from which ideas can emerge. Related in time and math concepts are the Medieval breakthroughs in math visible in mosaics from Islamic buildings.
This learn node cluster math help available online virtually from an amazing array of open sources. The picture here of Wolfgang Pauli and Niels Bohr as they “stare in wonder at a spinning top” is from lectures by David Tong of Cambridge University on Classical Dynamics. The picture is included in the third Tong lecture titled The Motion of Rigid Bodies. Pauli and Bohr � great mathematicians of the early 20th century � would surely turn the full intensity of their wonder on how a click of a 21st century mouse sends students to math help, math problems and math mentors.
The illustration below shows a learn node, which you can use as an educator to make webpages more findable. The top little circles illustrate links out to content nodes related to the subject of the large circle. Bottom left, experts connect to the node affirming its quality - giving it juice. Bottom right, a student connects to the node to learn the subject of its content.
The center node takes you to the work of Timothy Wei, professor and acting dean of Rensselaer’s School of Engineering, to see how he has solved Gray’s Paradox using his new state-of-the-art water flow diagnostic technology — Digital Particle Image Velocimetry DPIV — that measures the force a dolphin generates with its tail. Other nodes are about DPIV, how the US Navy trains dolphins (a retired Navy dolphin stars in the Rensselear video), general dolphin information (from the San Diego Zoo), and open courseware from Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine on marine mammal medicine including care of dolphins, who are cetaceans.
